Kayan Aiki da Bakuncin WordPress
Mayar da WordPress Cikin Sauri da Tsaro: Jerin Abubuwan Dubawa don Aiki da Masarrafai
WordPress ba ya wuce sauri da tsaron abin da yake gudanar da shi ba. Ga jerin abubuwan bincike na aiki da muke amfani da su a kowane shafin WordPress da muke karɓar bakunci — abin da za a ajiye a cache, abin da za a kare, da kuma plugins ɗin da suka cancanci amfani idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda dandamalin ya mai da su marasa amfani.
WordPress yana da kyau ne kawai gwargwadon abin da ke tafiyar da shi
WordPress tana ba da ikon kashi mai yawa na yanar gizo domin tana da sassauci, amma hakan yana sa ta zama mai hankali da kuma rashin tsaro: shigarwa ta asali tana tambayar bayanan sau da yawa a kowane shafi, tana yada sigarta da tarinta ga kowa, kuma tana gayyatarku ku tara kari har sai aikin da wurin hare-hare duk sun kumbura a hankali. Babu wani daga cikin wannan da yake lahani a cikin WordPress kamar sakamakon gudanar da ita a kan ababen more rayuwa da ba su yin komai don taimakawa.
Labari mai daɗi shi ne cewa ƴan zaɓuɓɓuka iri ɗaya ne ke gyara yawancin matsalar, kuma waɗannan shawarwari ne game da tsarin fasaha (stack) maimakon abubuwan da ke ciki. Yi caching sosai a daidai matakin da ya dace, nisanta rumbun adana bayanai daga hanyar da ake yawan amfani da ita (hot path), yi amfani da ƴan plugins kaɗan waɗanda suka cancanci zama a wurin, sabunta komai akai-akai, sannan ka ware shafin domin duk wata matsala ta tsaya a killace. Wannan rubutu shi ne wannan lissafin abubuwan dubawa, a cikin tsarin da muke amfani da shi ga kowane shafin WordPress da ke kan dandalin.
Ajiye a rumbun adana bayanai na uwar garke, ba kawai a cikin manhaja mai ƙari ba
Babban abin da ya fi tasiri a kan saurin WordPress shi ne rashin gudanar da WordPress kwata-kwata a mafi yawan ziyarce-ziyarce. Buƙata ta yau da kullum tana tayar da WordPress, ta gudanar da plugin ɗinku, kuma ta yi tambaya a rumbun adana bayanai kafin ta tura ko da byte ɗaya; cache na cikakken shafi yana bayar da shafin da aka gama kai tsaye daga uwar garken yanar gizo a ziyara ta gaba, yana tsallake dukkan wannan tayarwar. Inda wannan cache ɗin yake yana da muhimmanci: plugin ɗin caching yana cikin PHP ne, don haka PHP yana farawa kafin cache ɗin ya iya ba da amsa, yayin da cache na matakin uwar garke ke ba da amsa da wuri a cikin buƙatar kuma yana riƙe shafuka a sigar da uwar garken za ta iya sharewa nan take.
Kowane shafin WordPress da muke karɓar baƙuncinsa yana aiki ne a kan LiteSpeed Enterprise tare da LSCache a matakin sabar, kuma manhajar cache ɗinmu tana haɗa WordPress da shi yadda ya kamata kai tsaye — an riga an shigar da ita kuma tana sabunta kanta ta atomatik, saboda haka abu ɗaya ne da ba za ku damu da saitawa ko ci gaba da sabuntawa ba. A kan asalin da ba na LiteSpeed ba, wannan manhajar ba ta fitar da kanun cikakken shafi kuma tana kaucewa yayin da cache na abu ke ci gaba da aiki, saboda haka shafin da aka ƙaura da shi ba ya taɓa zama a rabi da rabi ba tare da kammala saiti ba. Ƙa'ida mai amfani don jerin abubuwan da za ku duba: cache ɗaya na cikakken shafi, a wurin sabar, kuma kada ku ɗora manhajar caching ta biyu a kanta — suna yin gaba da juna.
Wurin ajiye abubuwa na ɗan lokaci da rumbun adana bayanai
Bayan duk wata bukatar samun shafi tana yiwuwa ta hanyar 'static page'. Tattaunawar shiga account, wajen gudanarwa (admin), bincike, kwallayen siyayya da kuma duk wani bangare da aka keɓance dole ne su gudanar da PHP, kuma ga waɗannan makasudin yana komawa ne daga tsallake aikace-aikacen zuwa tsallake rukunin bayanai (database). Cache na object na kowane saiti — Redis, a yanayinmu — yana adana sakamakon maimaita karatun rukunin bayanai a cikin kwalwalwa (memory), domin kada a riƙa neman zaɓuka, abubuwa na wucin gadi da bincike iri ɗaya daga rukunin bayanai a kowane samun shafi. Tasirin yana bayyana sosai a daidai inda full-page cache ba zai iya taimakawa ba: wajen gudanarwa mai sauri, kwallayen siyayya masu sauri, da kuma raguwar nauyi mai yawa a kan rukunin bayanai lokacin da ake da masi amfani da yawa.
Kalmar da ta fi mahimmanci ita ce ta kowane shafi (per-site). Ma'anar shared object cache ita ce shafi ɗaya da ke da cunkoso ko aka rubuta shi maras kyau zai iya fitar da bayanan da aka yi wa cache na kowa kuma ya hana maƙwabtansa samun database; keɓaɓɓen cache na kowane shafi, tare da iyakokin database na kowane shafi, yana kiyaye wannan ɓarnar a iyakance. A kan jerin duba ku, ɗauki persistent object cache a matsayin wajibi ga kowane shafi da ke da masu amfani da suka shiga ko shago, kuma ku kiyayi hosting ɗin da ake raba shi tsakanin masu haya.
Karin kayan aikin da ya kamata a yi amfani da su — da kuma wadanda dandalin ke maye gurbinsu
Kowace plugin da kuka ƙara lamba ce da ke aiki a kan buƙatu kuma wata ƙofa ce da wani zai iya shiga ta cikinta wata rana, don haka manufa ta gaskiya ita ce samun mafi ƙarancin plugins da ke yin ayyuka mafi yawa. Mai masauki mai kyau yana kawar da buƙatar dukkan rukuninsu: tare da caching a matakin uwar garke, managed object cache da kuma ajiyar bayanan dandamali, ba kwa buƙatar plugin ɗin caching, plugin ɗin object-cache na daban, ko plugin ɗin ajiye bayanai — ana yin waɗannan ayyukan da kyau a ƙarƙashin WordPress, kuma tafiyar da su a saman yana ƙara saɓani da nauyi kawai.
Abin da ya rage wanda ya cancanci a sarrafa shi ne ɗan ƙaramin rukunin da ke ƙara ingantaccen ƙarfi: manhajojin ƙari waɗanda rukunin yanar gizonku ke buƙata da gaske don aikinsa, kuma — a dandalinmu — manhajojin ƙari guda biyu masu darajar ma'ajiyar hukuma waɗanda muke ginawa kuma muke aikawa tare da kowane rukunin yanar gizo. Manhajar ƙarinmu ta ma'adanar cache tana haɗa WordPress da ma'adanar cache ta uwar garke kuma tana sarrafa kwashe bayanan cikin dabara domin gyara ya share shafukan da ya kamata kawai. Manhajar ƙarinmu ta footprint tana cire shaidun da shigarwar WordPress ta asali ke yadawa — sigar da alamar ƙirƙira, hanyoyin bincike, XML-RPC, pingbacks da bayanin kai na powered-by — a kowane tura aiki, don haka sabunta manhajar ƙari ko jigo ba zai iya dawo da su a ɓoye ba. An gina duka biyun bisa ƙa'idodin ma'ajiyar manhajojin ƙari ta WordPress.org, kyauta ne, kuma suna sabunta kansu.
Kiyaye WordPress cikin aminci da na zamani
Yawancin kutsen WordPress ba masu wayo ba ne; tsofaffi ne. Tsohon core, jigo ko plugin mai raunin tsaro da aka sani kuma aka buga shi ne hanya mafi yawa da shafuka ke fuskantar matsala, wanda ke sa kasancewa da sabon tsari ya zama aikin tsaro mafi daraja — kuma mafi gajiyarwa, dalilin da ya sa ake tsallake shi ke nan. Ya kamata dabarun hosting da ake gudanarwa su ɗauke muku wannan aikin: gyara matsalolin tsarin da ke ƙarƙashin WordPress, da kuma tabbatar da an sabunta core da plugin cikin aminci ta hanyar ba ku kwafin gwaji don gwada su da kuma madadin ajiya (backup) don mayar da abubuwa idan matsala ta taso.
Bayan batun kudin kuɗi, ku sa ran za a kiyaye iyakokin tsaro a madadin ku: binciken ƙwayoyin cuta na malware yana aiki ta asali domin a kama kamuwa da cuta maimakon maziyarci ya gano shi, keɓe shafuka domin shafin da ya kamu da matsala ba zai iya shafar wani ba, kariya daga harin DDoS a bakin hanyar shiga, da TLS a ko'ina tare da sabunta takaddun shaida kai tsaye. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan da ke maye gurbin tsaftar tsaro ta yau da kullun — ingantattun bayanan shiga, ba da damar shiga mafi ƙanƙanta da ake buƙata, cire plugins ɗin da ba ku ƙara amfani da su — amma yana nufin tsarin ginin ba shi ne gaba mafi rauni ba. A cikin lissafin abubuwan dubawa na ku, tambayar da za a yi wa kowane mai masaukin gidan yanar gizo mai sauƙi ce: shin tsaro abu ne da ke zuwa ta asali, ko kuwa wani ƙarin kunshin ne da za ku saya?
WooCommerce da shafukan da kada ku taɓa ajiye su a ma'ajiyar cache
Shago shi ne inda adana bayanai na wucin gadi mai ƙarfi (aggressive caching) ke samun babban nasararsa kuma yake yin ɓarnarsa mafi muni idan an yi shi ba tare da tunani ba. Shafukan kundayen kaya, kayayyaki da rukunoni su ne shafuka mafi yawan zirga-zirga kuma mafi dacewa da adanawa da kuke da su, kuma bayar da su daga ma'ajiyar shafi gabaɗaya (full-page cache) shi ne babban abin da za ku iya yi don saurin shago. Amma shafukan kwandon kaya, biyan kuɗi da na asusun mai amfani na kashin kai ne kuma bai kamata a taɓa bayar da su daga ma'ajiya da ake rabawa ba — idan kuka yi hakan, mai siyayya zai ga kwandon wani daban, wanda hakan ke zama lalacewar shago da kuma matsalar sirri baki ɗaya.
Hanyar samun duka biyun ita ce adana shafin a cache sannan a buɗe ramuka don ɓangarorin da ke canzawa kai tsaye. Edge Side Includes na samar da ɓangaren kwando, jimillar ƙaramin kwando da yanayin asusun mai amfani a kowane buƙata yayin da ake bayar da sauran shafin daga cache, kuma an cire shafukan cart, checkout, my-account da kowane shafi na nonce ko session ta tsohuwar manufa. Sabunta bayanai na aiki ne ta hanyar goge cache mai basira wanda ke aiki duk lokacin da samfuri, farashi ko oda ta canza, don haka tsohon farashi ba zai taɓa dadewa ba. Idan kuna amfani da WooCommerce, wannan shi ne ɓangaren lissafin da ya kamata ku tsara daidai: shagon sayarwa mai sauri daga cache, kwando mai canzawa kai tsaye ga kowane mai amfani, ba tare da adana bayanan sirri a cache ba.
Tambayoyin da aka fi yi
Har yanzu ina buƙatar plugin ɗin caching kamar WP Rocket?
A'a. LiteSpeed LSCache ce ke gudanar da cikakken adana shafi a uwar garken yanar gizo, manhajar mu ta kariya tana haɗa WordPress da shi kuma tana kula da share abubuwa cikin basira, sannan ma'ajiyar abubuwa ta Redis na kowane shafi yana bayan shi. Ƙara manhajar adana cikakken shafi ta biyu yawanci yana cin karo da ma'ajiyar matakin uwar garke maimakon taimakawa, don haka ba a buƙata kuma ba a ba da shawarar hakan ba.
Wadanne manhajoji ne dandalin ke sa ba su da amfani?
Karin manhajojin caching, karin manhajojin object-cache na daban da kuma karin manhajojin ajiye bayanai (backup) duk ba su da amfani a nan, saboda ana gudanar da wadannan ayyukan a karkashin WordPress — caching a matakin sabar, ingantaccen object cache na kowane shafi da kuma ajiyar bayanai na dandalin. Cire su yana rage rikice-rikice da hanyoyin kai hari. Abin da ya kamata a ci gaba da amfani da shi shine karin manhajojin da shafinku ke bukata da gaske don aikinsa, tare da karin manhajojinmu guda biyu kyauta na cache da footprint, wadanda ke zuwa an riga an girka su.
Shin yin cache zai lalata kwandon WooCommerce nawa ko shafukan da aka shiga?
A'a. An cire shafukan Cart, checkout, my-account da kowane shafi na nonce ko zama (session) daga ma'ajiyar cache ta asali, kuma Edge Side Includes yana kiyaye ɓangaren kwando da jimillar kuɗi a raye a kan shafukan da ke cikin cache. Masu sayayya a ko da yaushe suna ganin kwandon kayansu da tsarin biyan kuɗi mai aiki yayin da fuskar shagon ke ci gaba da lodawa daga cache, kuma shara mai sarrafa kanta ta fasaha tana share shafukan da abin ya shafa lokacin da kaya, farashi ko oda suka canza.
Ta yaya kuke kiyaye tsaron WordPress ba tare da na sarrafa shi ba?
Muna sanya faci a kan tsarin da ke ƙarƙashin WordPress, muna sa sabuntawar jigo da na ƙarin manhaja (plugin) su zama amintattu don amfani tare da muhallin gwaji (staging) da dawo da bayanai da dannawa ɗaya, muna kunna binciken ƙwayoyin cuta da kariya daga harin DDoS a asali, muna ware kowane rukunin yanar gizo domin matsalar tsaro ɗaya ba za ta iya yaɗuwa ba, sannan muna ba da kuma sabunta takaddun shaidar TLS kai tsaye. Wannan yana cire kayan aikin gudanarwa a matsayin raunin da ke akwai; kiyaye tsabtar asali kamar amfani da bayanan shiga masu ƙarfi da cire ƙarin manhajojin da ba a amfani da su yana nan a kanku.
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